Note, that as of June 2025, when the first paper related to the project, was uploaded to Arxiv, the preprint service, it has not yet been peer-reviewed, thus all the conclusions are to be treated with caution and as preliminary.
Additionally, there are several limitations and important avenues for future work, which will need to be addressed in the next or similar studies:
1. In this study we had a limited number of participants recruited from a specific geographical area, several large academic institutions, located very close to each other. For future work it will be important to include a larger number of participants coming with diverse backgrounds like professionals in different areas, age groups, as well as ensuring that the study is more gender balanced.
2. This study was performed using ChatGPT, and though we do not believe that as of the time of this paper publication in June 2025, there are any significant breakthroughs in any of the commercially available models to grant a significantly different result, we cannot directly generalize the obtained results to other LLM models. Thus, for future work it will be important to include several LLMs and/or offer users a choice to use their preferred one, if any.
3. Future work may also include the use of LLMs with other modalities beyond the text, like audio modality.
4. We did not divide our essay writing task into subtasks like idea generation, writing, and so on, which is often done in prior work. This labeling can be useful to understand what happens at each stage of essay writing and have more in-depth analysis.
5. In our current EEG analysis we focused on reporting connectivity patterns without examining spectral power changes, which could provide additional insights into neural efficiency. EEG's spatial resolution limits precise localization of deep cortical or subcortical contributors (e.g. hippocampus), thus fMRI use is the next step for our future work.
6. Our findings are context-dependent and are focused on writing an essay in an educational setting and may not generalize across tasks.
7. Future studies should also consider exploring longitudinal impacts of tool usage on memory retention, creativity, and writing fluency.
(https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/your-…atgpt/overview/)
